MCS – Age 7 – British Ability Scales II (BAS II) Word Reading

The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) assessed their cohort members (CMs) during the study’s age 7 sweep using the Word Reading measure from the British Ability Scales II (BAS II).

Details on this measure and the data collected from the CMs are outlined in the table below.

Year of data collection:	2008
Domain:	Verbal (reading)
	School knowledge – reading (achievement scale)
Measures:	Word decoding ability – Recognition and oral reading of single words (lack of contextual clues): Recognition of printed words Visual and auditory working memory Skills in word analysis without additional contextual clues Vocabulary knowledge
	Low scores: Poor visual memory Short term auditory memory for sequences Poor skills in phonological segmentation of words into component sounds or syllables Poor skills in sound blending Poor auditory discrimination
CHC:	Gc (Crystallised ability)
	Grw (Reading/Writing)
CLOSER Source:	Explore this sweep in CLOSER Discovery: MCS Age 7 Survey (2008).
Administrative method:	Home interview using Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI), face to face; verbal reading
Procedure:	The child read aloud a series of words presented on a card. The assessment consisted of 90 words in total. The words were organised into 9 blocks of 10 words in ascending order of difficulty. The child was asked to read each word in a block out loud to the interviewer. The number of blocks of words the child was asked to attempt to read was dependent on the child’s performance during the assessment. All of the children in MCS4 started at the first item, as this was the starting point for children of their age.
	As the child read the words, the interviewer records whether or not the child pronounced each word correctly in the CAPI.
	A child’s progression through the assessment was dependent on the number of words they read correctly. If a child made eight errors in a block of 10 words, then the assessment stopped.
	Duration: 5 – 6 minutes
Link to questionnaire:	https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/mcs4_cog_phys_documentation.pdf (opens in new tab)
Scoring:	1 point for each correct word
Item-level variable(s):	DCWR0100 – DCWR9000
Total score/derived variable(s):	DCWRSC00 (raw score- total number of correct responses)
	DCWRAB00 (ability adjusted- total number of correct responses, accounting for the sets of items the CM was presented with, which depended on age and successful completion of blocks of items)
	DCWRSD00 (ability and age adjusted on BAS II age normed data)
Age of participant (months):	Mean = 86.72, SD = 2.98, Range = 76 – 98
Descriptives:		DCWRSC00	DCWRAB00	DCWRSD00
		(raw score)	(ability adjusted)	(ability and age adjusted)
	N	13,591	13,591	13,591
	Range	0 – 90	10 – 222	55 – 145
	Mean	44.05	106.43	111.27
	SD	19.37	30.87	18.11
		(click image to enlarge)	(click image to enlarge)	(click image to enlarge)
Other sweep and/or cohort:	NSHD (age 8 and 11) – National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) BCS70 (children of cohort member, multi-age)
	NSHD – Age 11 – Word Reading
	BCS70 – Child of CM (Multi-Age) – BAS Word Reading
Source:	Elliott, C. D., Smith, P., & McCulloch, K. (1996). British Ability Scales Second Edition (BAS II). Administration and Scoring Manual. London: Nelson.
	Elliott, C. D., Smith, P. & McCulloch, K. (1997). British Ability Scales Second Edition (BAS II). Technical Manual. London: Nelson.
Technical resources:	Chaplin Gray, J., Gatenby, R., Simmonds, N., & Huang, Y. (2010). Millennium Cohort Study Sweep 4: Technical Report (Second Edition). London: NatCen.
	Connelly, R. (2013). Interpreting Test Scores. Millennium Cohort Study Data Note 2013/01. London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies.
Example articles:	Russell, G., Ryder, D., Norwich, B., & Ford, T. (2015). Behavioural Difficulties that co-occur with specific word reading difficulties: A UK population based cohort study. Dyslexia, 21(2), 123-141.
	Bono, E. D., Francesconi, M., Kelly, Y., & Sacker, A. (2016). Early maternal time investment and early child outcomes. The Economic Journal, 126(596), F96-F135.
	Dickerson, A., & Popli, G. K. (2016). Persistent poverty and children’s cognitive development: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 179(2), 535-558.